Abstract :

Bus Passengers Are An Important Part Of Public Transportation, And Their Safety Is A Major Concern, Especially During Fire Accidents. Such Incidents Can Lead To Serious Consequences Like Injuries, Loss Of Life, And Damage To Property. These Accidents Usually Happen Due To Reasons Like Electrical Faults, Fuel Leakage, Overheating Of Engine Parts, Or Poor Maintenance Of The Vehicle. In Many Cases, The Situation Becomes Worse Because The Fire Is Not Detected Early And Action Depends On Manual Response.In This Work, We Designed An IoT- Based Fire Monitoring And Automatic Passenger Evacuation System To Improve Safety Inside Buses. The System Continuously Monitors Environmental Conditions And Takes Necessary Actions When A Fire Risk Is Detected. We Used A Dual-controller Setup In Our Design. The Arduino Uno Is Responsible For Reading Sensor Data And Controlling Safety Operations, While The ESP32 Module Is Used For Wireless Communication And Sending Data To The Cloud. To Facilitate Passenger Evacuation, Fire And Smoke Sensors Are Employed To Detect Hazardous Conditions, Subsequently Activating Alert Systems. These Systems Incorporate Reduced Motor Activity, Controlled Exhaust Airflow, And Danger Indicators. Should The Perilous Circumstance Persist, A Relay-based Shutdown Is Initiated Through A Time- Based Escalation Protocol. Furthermore, The System Incorporates Switches Designed For Failure Simulation And Manual Override, Thereby Ensuring Fail-safe Functionality. Data From Real-time Systems Is Sent To A Firebase Real-time Database, Allowing For Remote Monitoring And Analysis. This System Is Well-suited For Smart Transportation Safety Applications, Providing Both Adaptability And Affordability

Published:

30-3-1-2026

Issue:

Vol. 26 No. 3-1 (2026)

Page Nos:

379-384

Section:

Articles

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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