Abstract :

Electric Vehicles Are Becoming More Important Because They Help Protect The Environment By Using Clean Energy. These Vehicles Use Lithium-ion Batteries, Which Are Powerful But Can Be Unsafe If Not Handled Properly. To Keep Them Safe, A Battery Management System (BMS) Is Used. The BMS Monitors The Battery And Ensures It Operates Within Safe Limits. This Project Explains The Purpose, Functions, And Design Of A BMS. It Also Discusses Different Battery Models And How They Have Improved Over Time. A Better Battery Model Is Introduced And Tested Through Simulation. The Results Show That The Improved System Performs Effectively. In This Paper, An Arduino UNO Microcontroller Is Used To Control The BMS. It Is Connected To Components Like A Temperature Sensor, Battery Pack, Relays, Charger, LCD Display, And A DC Motor. The System Shows Voltage, Current, And Temperature On The LCD While The Vehicle Is Running. If The Temperature Becomes Too High, A Buzzer Gives An Alert. The Battery Charges Automatically When Its Level Is Low, Using Fast Or Slow Charging Modes. Relays Act As Switches To Control The Charging Process. The System Is Programmed Using Embedded C. This Design Helps Improve Battery Safety And Performance In Electric Vehicles. This System Improves The Safety And Efficiency Of Electric Vehicle Batteries. It Continuously Monitors Important Parameters To Prevent Damage And Extend Battery Life. The Use Of Automatic Charging Modes Makes The System More Reliable And User-friendly. The Hardware Design Is Simple And Cost-effective, Making It Suitable For Practical Applications. Future Improvements Can Further Enhance Accuracy And Performance Of The BMS. Keywords— Battery Management System, Temperature Sensor, Voltage Sensor, ATMega328p Microcontroller

Published:

05-5-2026

Issue:

Vol. 26 No. 5 (2026)

Page Nos:

142-147

Section:

Articles

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite